— Cash is gradually disappearing as digital payment systems become foundational to the global financial architecture. At the same time, cryptocurrencies and decentralized networks are emerging as critical infrastructure for the next generation of financial transactions.

Institutions are using blockchains as back-office infrastructure. Custody remains regulated. Identity verification follows existing standards. Compliance layers mirror traditional requirements. The public blockchain narrative emphasizes decentralization and permissionless access. Institutional adoption emphasizes auditability, programmability, and settlement finality within controlled environments.